Before the construction of the Temple of Zeus beginning in c. 470 B.C., the Altis or sacred area at Olympia was dotted with military and athletic victory monuments, along with one major temple, treasuries, the ash altar of Zeus, the hero shrine to Pelops, founder of the Olympic games, and the terminal portion of the racetrack or stadion. Military victory monuments that existed before the temple’s construction clearly outline and leave room for the later structure although no earlier structure existed on this portion of the Altis, and we have no indication of how this area was used prior to the construction of the building. Why were these monuments placed as they were, and oriented eastward, facing away from the ash altar? Why were Trojan War themes deployed for two of the most prominent of them, and what meaning did such myths have at Olympia? This lecture explores these questions and offers some answers that demonstrate clear links to the rituals and activities that occurred at this Panhellenic site. |