Education

• Johns Hopkins University: 1977, B.A. (History of Science)
• University of Wisconsin, Madison: 1979 M.A. (History of Science)
• University of Wisconsin, Madison: 1987 Ph.D. (History of Science)

Selected Publications

Books

• Book manuscript: Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth-Century America, Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
• Experimenting on Humans: A Guide to the Debates (Controversies in Science), ABC-CLIO, 2005.
• Frankenstein: Penetrating the Secrets of Nature, Rutgers University Press, 2002.
• Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.

1. Experimentation and Ethics, Life and Earth Sciences since 1800 (The Cambridge History of Science, Vol. 6) (forthcoming).
2. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study in the Context of American Medical Research, in Tuskegee's "Truths": Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, ed. Susan M. Reverby. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000, pp. 266-275.
3. Hippocrates American Style: Representing Professional Morality in Early Twentieth-Century America, in Hippocrates in Modern Medicine, ed. David Cantor (Scholar Press, forthcoming)
4. Medical Ethics and the Media: Oaths, Codes, and Popular Culture, in The American Medical Ethics Revolution, ed. Robert Baker, Arthur Caplan, Linda Emanuel, and Stephen Latham, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
5. Media and Medicine (with Naomi Rogers), in Medicine in the Twentieth Century, ed. J. Pickstone and R. Cooter, Harwood, 2000. pp. 487-502.
6. Evaluating Students on an Interdisciplinary Primary Care Clerkship at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, (with Karen M. Kaplan, et al.) Acad. Med. 74:S67- S69, 1999.
7. Screening Syphilis: Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet Meets the Public Health Service, (with John Parascandola), J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. 53:345-370, 1998.
8. Repellent Subjects: Hollywood Censorship and Surgical Images in the 1930s, Literature and Med. 17:91-113, 1998.
9. Research Ethics and the Medical Profession: Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (with other members of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments), JAMA 276:403-409, 1996.
10. U. S. Medical Researchers, the Nuremberg Doctors Trial, and the Nuremberg Code: A Review of Findings of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, (with Ruth R. Faden and Jonathan D. Moreno), JAMA 276:1667-1671, 1996.
11. Revising the History of Cold-War Research Ethics, (with Jonathan D. Moreno), Kennedy Inst. of Ethics J. 6:223-237, 1996.
12. Medical Science and Technology, in The Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, Editor-in-Chief, Stanley Kutler, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. Vol. II, pp. 941-956.
13. Political Animals: The Shaping of Biomedical Research Literature in Twentieth-Century America, Isis 83:61-79, 1992. Reprinted in The Scientific Enterprise in America: Readings from Isis, ed. Ronald L. Numbers and Charles E. Rosenberg, University of Chicago Press, 1996.
14. Medical History in the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum, (with Ellen S. More and Joel D. Howell), Acad. Med. 70:770-776, 1995.
15. Moral Sensibility and Medical Science: Gender, Animal Experimentation, and the Doctor- Patient Relationship, in The Empathic Practitioner: Essays on Empathy, Gender and Medicine, ed. Ellen More and Maureen Milligan, Rutgers University Press, 1994. pp. 59- 73.
16. Historical Overview: Pediatric Experimentation, in Children as Research Subjects: Science, Ethics and Law, ed. Michael A. Grodin and Leonard H. Glantz, Oxford University Press, 1994. pp. 3-25.
17. Orphans as Guinea Pigs: American Children and Medical Experimenters, 1890-1930, In The Name of the Child: Health and Welfare, 1880-1940, ed. Roger Cooter, Routledge, 1992. pp. 96-123.