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Bridging the Gap:

A CONFERENCE ON GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS


Keynote Speeches

His Excellency Alexandre PhilonGreek Ambassador to the United States

Mr. Marc Grossman: Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs

Onur OymenTurkish Ambassador to NATO


Historical Panel

Friday, November 5th, 6.30pm

Historical Roots of Greek-Turkish Relations

The Historical Panel fostered introspection and critical analysis in the debate on the history of Turkish-Greek relations, state formation, and construction of identity. Part of the discussion centered on an analysis of underlying reasons for the predominant patterns in modern relations between the two competing neighbors. Panelists attempted to distance themselves from the conventional history of Greek-Turkish conflict in order to explore some exogenous elements that have influenced this troubled relationship. To this end, the speakers examined the larger historical and political context of Greek-Turkish relations. The panel also focused on psycho-social aspects of ethnic conflict in general and how they have played themselves out in the Turkish-Greek case.

Chair:

William Lee Blackwood

Director of Undergraduate Studies of Russia and Eastern Europe, Assistant Professor of History, Council on European Studies, Yale Center for International and Area Studies

Panelists:

Alkis Courcoulas, “Greek-Turkish Enmities: the Impact of Emerging Modern National Identities” 

Mr. Courcoulas is the Bureau Chief of the "Athens News Agency", in Turkey, and has been contributing articles on Turkey and Greek-Turkish Affairs in dailies Kathimerini, To Vima and Fileleftheros. He was educated in Athens College, studied law in the University of Athens and Political Science in Paris I Sorbonne. Currently he is a member of the Athens Union of Journalists (ESIEA) in Greece and of the Foreign Press Association in Turkey. In May 1997 he published a book on the Imia crisis challenging the established wisdom in Greece on the development of the crisis.

Emre Kongar, Psycho-Social Aspects of Peaceful Local Coexistence Among Different Groups in the Face of Globalization.”

Prof. Kongar is a Professor of Sociology at Yildiz University, Istanbul. He is also a writer and a columnist for the Turkish daily Cumhuriyet. In addition to his professorship his various political appointments have included Undersecretary for the Ministry of Culture (1992-95). Prof. Kongar has published more than 50 academic papers, more than 100 articles and 23 books, on cultural, economical and social changes in Turkey. He has received numerous awards for his works. His memoirs While I Was the Undersecretary, published in 1996, have become a bestseller.

Richard Clogg, Cycles in Relations Between Greece and Turkey.”              

Prof. Clogg, presently a Senior Research Fellow at St. Antony’s College, Oxford University, is a renowned scholar of Modern Greek History. His current research includes the history of the Special Operations Executive in Greece, a history of Romania and a large-scale history of the Greek people in modern times, which will include the Greek diaspora. His major publications include: A Concise History of Greece (1992), Parties and Elections in Greece: the Search for Legitimacy (1987), The Movement for Greek Independence 1770-1812: a Collection of Documents (1976). 

Norman Itzkowitz, “The Psychology of Ethnic Conflict in the Turkish-Greek Context.”

Prof. Itzkowitz, currently a Professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University, is a prominent scholar in the field of Ottoman and Turkish Studies. Most recently, following his psychoanalytic training in New York at the National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis, he has been working on bringing the insights of psychoanalysis into the field of Turkish studies. His most important publications include, Neighbors in Conflict: A Psycho-Political Study of Greek-Turkish Relations (1994), The Immortal Ataturk: a Psychobiography (1984, co-author Vamik Volkan), Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition (1972, 1980).


Political Panel

Saturday, November 6th, 11:15am

Competing Allies, the International Context of Greek-Turkish Relations

This panel analyzed the political relationship between Greece and Turkey and the impact of their relationship on future regional and pan-European security and economic arrangements. The panelists addressed political, military and economic cooperation and confrontation between the two competing allies on issues ranging from national security and economic policies to bilateral relations and participation in NATO and the European Union. Building on discussion of the current state of Turkish-Greek relations, the panel offered constructive dialogue on future means of cooperation and conflict resolution. In particular, the participants examined joint action responses to larger security threats such as regional instability and natural disasters. Panelists ultimately explored Greek-Turkish relations in the context of their parallel aspirations towards integration into European political and monetary institutions.

Chair:

Bruce Russet

Dean Acheson Professor of International Relations and Political Science, Director of United Nations Studies at Yale and Editor of the Journal of Conflict Resolution

Panelists:

Onur Oymen

Current Ambassador, became NATO Permanent Representative of Turkey in 1997. He has served in this capacity during the NATO preventative deployment in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and NATO operations Allied Force and Joint Guardian in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. His various political appointments have included positions as Turkish Ambassador in Bonn (1990-95), and Undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Turkey (1995-97).

Mumtaz Soysal

Professor of constitutional law and comparative government at Ankara University, Prof. Soysal is also a columnist for the Turkish Daily Hurriyet and president of the Center for the Development of Public Enterprise. He is a graduate of Ankara University and did graduate research at the London School of Economics, Princeton and University of California at Berkeley.  He has served as a Member of Parliament (1991-98) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1994) in Turkey. Prof. Soysal is the recipient of the first International UNESCO Prize for the Teaching of Human Rights (Paris, 1978). He has published on constitutional law, government and politics.                

Theodore A. Couloumbis

Professor of international relations at the University of Athens, Division of European and International Studies, Prof. Couloumbis is also Director General of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP). He is co-author of a well-known textbook, International Relations: Power and Justice and author of The Troubled Triangle: US, Greece and Turkey among others.


Cultural Panel

Saturday, November 6th, 3:00pm

Language, Culture and Ideology: Greeks and Turks Re-imagining Each Other

This panel focused on the changing manifestations of language and their effects on the respective cultures and ideologies of Greece and Turkey. Panelists explored language in its various dimensions: language in schoolbooks, language in art and literature, and language in the media.  The panel aimed to examine the ways in which the words one uses in the Academy, in newspapers, in works of art, and in daily life profoundly influence one’s own cultural identity and help define one’s view of the other.

Chair:

Charles Hill

Distinguished Fellow of International Security Studies and Diplomat-in-Residence 

Panelists:

Iraklis Millas“The Negative Attributes of the Mythical Other in Greek and Turkish Textbooks, Historiography and Literature:  An Antithesis to the Positive Image of the Concrete Neighbor”.

Mr. Millas is a civil engineer, graduate of Robert College, Istanbul and he completed his Ph.D. in Political Science at Ankara University.  His PhD thesis is on national images and identities as presented in Turkish and Greek novels.  He published many articles on themes relating to Greek-Turkish relations and he participated in the preparation of a voluminous Greek-Turkish dictionary in 1994.  He taught Greek literature at Ankara University and currently teaches Turkish literature at the University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki.

Anna Stavrakopoulou“Reflections of their times: the “other” in Vizyenos and Galanaki.”

Ms. Stavrakopoulou studied at the University of Crete, at the Sorbonne Nouvelle and at Harvard University where he completed her PhD in Modern Greek Studies.  She is currently serving as the Deputy Executive of the A.S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation.  Her publications include examinations of contemporary Greek theater and literature as well as articles on Karaghiozis and Paul Auster.

Nicholas Hannan-Stavroulakis, “Karpuzi-karpoz?”

Mr. Stavroulakis studied Ottoman history and Islamic Studies at the University of Michigan and University of Oxford and completed the dissertation at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.  He has published several books on Ottoman and Greek Jewry and is at present director of a project under the World Monuments Fund for the reconstruction of a 14th century Venetian-Ottoman monument in Hania, Crete.  He is a painter and engraver and has exhibited widely.


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