ENTITIES Normal function Aortic stenosis-senile Aortic stenosis-bicuspid Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis Mitral prolapse Mitral flail Mitral regurgitation Valvular infection Prosthetic valves Cardiomyopathy Ischemia-anterior Ischemia-inferior Ischemia-aneurysm Post-infarct VSD IHSS Pericardial effusion Masses		Prosthetic valves		Notes: Prosthetic valves show their acoustically reflective frames around the orifice. In the case of biologic valves, the delicate leaflet motion is still visible within the supporting frame. The most acoustically reflective valve is the Starr-Edwards which has the ball-in-cage configuration. The Bjork's frame is also very reflective and casts rays of off-axis artifact. The two leaflets of the St Jude give it a characteristic opening pattern. Doppler and color doppler imaging are still effective in assessing valve competency although consideration must be given for the effects of acoustic shadowing and the often smaller than normal base-line orifice.

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July 10, 1999 (PL) v. 002