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24. See Bynum, "'The Genuine Presbyterian Whine'," 163. As Albert Bailey states in The Gospel in Hymns, "Watts himself knew perfectly well that the Psalms were a veritable treasure of praise. What he objected to was the undiscriminating way in which this treasure was used: the failure of the Church to disregard the obsolete, the heathen, the un-Christian elements found therein, and so suffuse what was left with the spirit of the gospel" (52). 25. See Richard Leppert, "Music, Domestic Life and Cultural Chauvinism: Images of British Subjects at Home in India," in Music and Society: The Politics of Composition, Performance and Reception, ed. Richard Leppert and Susan McClary (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 63-64. 26. Ibid., 63, as quoted by Leppert from Dalrymple's Observations on the present state of the East India Company; and on the measures to be pursued for ensuring the permanency, and augmenting its commerce. 27. Music and Society, 74. 28. Ibid., 68. 29. Jesus Through the Centuries: His Place in the History of Culture (New York: Harper & Row, 1985), 221. 30. Bynum, "'The Genuine Presbyterian Whine'," 163. One must also bear in mind that hymn singing was primarily the domain of Dissenting and Evangelical congregations during the early eighteenth century, and not of the Church of England. 31. See Hymns of Prudentius, trans. David R. Slavitt (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996) for an orientation to Prudentius' hymns. 32. Pablo Sosa traces the development of Latin American liturgical music all the way back to Prudentius' hymn in "Spanish American Hymnody: A Global Perspective," Hymnology Annual, ed. Vernon Wicker (Berrien Springs, Mich.: Vande Vere Publishing Ltd., 1993), 3:57-70. 33. Portions of this section appeared in an earlier essay, "Siyahamba, South African Freedom Song," The Chorister 51:6 (December 1999), 23-27. David Dargie comments that the text is basically the same in Siswata (the Swazi people), Xhosa, and Zulu. 34. The collection and cassette, Freedom Is Coming: Songs of Protest and Praise from South Africa, ed. Anders Nyberg (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Walton Music Corporation, 1984), first brought these songs to a broader audience through the impetus of the Iona Community in Scotland. Selections from this book, originally published by Utryck for the Church of Sweden Mission, have appeared in at least seven North American hymnals since this time. For example, see United Methodist Hymnal (1989): "Thuma Mina" (497); Hymnal: A Worship Book (1992), "Asithi: Amen" (64), "Thuma Mina" (434); Chalice Hymnal (1995): "Masithi" (30), "Siyahamba" (442), "Thuma Mina" (447); Covenant Hymnal (1996): "Siyahamba" (424), "Hallelujah! Pelo Tso Rona" (499), "Thuma Mina" (626); Voices United (1996): "Sanna Sannanina" (128), "Thuma Mina" (572), "Siyahamba" (646); The New Century Hymnal (1995): "Masithi" (760), "Siyahamb'" (626), "Thuma Mina" (360), "We Shall Not Give Up the Fight" (437); The Book of Praise (1997): "Thuma Mina" (777), "Siyahamba" (639), "Asithi Amen" (264), "Freedom Is Coming" (725). Recent African American hymnals such as This Far By Faith (1999) from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA) make extensive use of South African sources. Current hymnal supplements continue to expand this literature into common usage: see With One Voice (1995) from the ELCA, Wonder, Love and Praise (1997; Episcopal Church, USA), and The Faith We Sing (2000; United Methodist), for more examples. 35. See John M. Janzen, Ngoma: Discourses on Healing in Central and Southern Africa (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 111-18. 36. An expanded version of the following section is available in C. Michael Hawn, Gather into One: Praying and Singing Globally (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003), chapter 7. C. Michael Hawn is Professor of Church Music at Perkins School of Theology and Director of the Master of Sacred Music Program at Southern Methodist University. He is also a student of global music, having received several fellowships for study of music around the world including Africa, Asia and Latin America. He is the author of Halle Halle: We Sing the World Round (Choristers Guild, 1999), Gather Into One: Praying and Singing Globally (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2003), and One Bread, One Body: Exploring Cultural Diversity in Worship (The Alban Institute, 2003), as well over 100 articles, reviews and curriculum materials. |
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